1. Th materials wit whc v r provided by our scientist.
2. By usng thm caln th net usabl enrgy.
3. Caln th enrgy requrd 2 run an indian hous
4. Caln th material requird to fulfil th req. enrgy
5. Hw 2 cut th cost by compromysin
6. & othr facktors nided 2 b disqsd…
This alternative includes to connect our house to the utility grid, we have to buy power when we the produced quantity is lagging and selling it back when we produce more than you use.
This way, the utility acts as a practically infinite storage system. Though we should keep in mind that government regulations keeps on varying depending on location and are subject to change.
Our local utility company may or may not be required to participate, and the buyback price can differ to a great extent. We'll also probably need special equipment to make sure the regular availability of power. But safety is an issue as well.
The other problem besides energy storage is that the electricity generated by your solar panels, and extracted from your batteries if you choose to use them, is not in the form that's supplied by your utility or used by the electrical appliances in your house. The electricity generated by a solar system is direct current, so you'll need an inverter to convert it into alternating current. And like we discussed on the last page, apart from switching DC to AC, some inverters are also designed to protect against islanding if your system is hooked up to the power grid.
Most large inverters will allow you to automatically control how your system works. Some PV modules, called AC modules, actually have an inverter already built into each module, eliminating the need for a large, central inverter, and simplifying wiring issues.
The thinking of existing at the self-belief of the weatherman probably doesn't delight most people, but three main options can ensure us still have power even if the sun isn't cooperating. If you want to live completely off the grid, but don't trust your solar panels to supply all the electricity. We can use a backup generator when solar supplies run low. The second stand-alone system involves energy storage in the form of batteries. Unfortunately, batteries can add a lot of cost and maintenance to a solar energy system, but it's currently a necessity if you want to be completely independent.
Appliances Which Are Independent Of Solar Energy Generation:
A "typical home" in India can use either electricity or gas to provide heat –
heat for the house, heat water, and the stove/oven. If you were to power a house
with solar electricity, we would certainly use gas fuel for gas
appliances such as,
· stove/oven,
· gas geyser,
· etc.
because solar electricity is too expensive.
Appliances Which Are Dependent Of Solar Energy Generation:
This means that what we would be powering with solar electricity only appliances like
1. The refrigerator,
2. Lights, Computer, TV,
3. Stereo equipment,
4. Motors for fan & water supply and
5. Washing machine,
6. Etc.
Apparatus:
A Simple & multipurpose solar panel contains 4 cells each producing 0.45 volts and 100 milliamps, or 70 milliwatts. Size of each cell is 2 inches X 0.5 inches.
Means with these solar cells we can generate 45 milliwatts in one square inch (6.45 square cm). For the sake of discussion, let's assume that a panel can generate 70 milliwatts per square inch.
Material - Energy Produced
1 cell - 18 mW
4 cells - 70 mW
1 solar panel - 70 mW
(1 inch2) - 70 mW
Data Requirements For Calculations:
To calculate how many square inches of solar panel you need for a house, following things should be known:
How much power the house consumes on average per day.
Where the house is located (so you can calculate average solar days, average rainfall, etc.). This question is
impossible to answer unless you have a specific location in mind.
We'll assume that on an average day sunlight on a particular Indian house falls for 5 hours.
Calculations For Required Money:
Let's say that all the above appliances consumes on an average 600 watts per hour cumulatively. Over the
period of 24 hours, you need
600 watts X 24 hours = 14,400 watt-hours per day.
From our calculations and assumptions above, we know that a solar panel can generate
70 milliwatts per square inch X 5 hours = 350 milliwatt hours per day
Energy Required - Required Area
Of Panel
350 mW/ day - 1 panel (1 inch2)
14,400 W/day - ? panel (? inch2)
Therefore we need about 41,000 inches2 of solar panel for the house. That's a solar panel that measures about 285 feet2 (about 26 meters2). That would cost around Rs. 7, 20,000/- ONLY right now.
Required Accessories:
The company of Sun on a part of land is not for 24 hours so we would need to purchase
–a battery bank,
–an inverter,
–and other supplementary material.
and it almost doubles the cost of the installation.
2 X [Rs. (7, 20,000)/- ONLY]
Inclusion Of Luxury Items:
If we want to have a small room air conditioner in our bedroom, the cost will get doubled the original cost.
3 X [Rs. (7, 20,000)/- ONLY] = Rs. 21, 60,000/- ONLY
Compromises to be done to reduce such sky touching expenses:
· Because solar electricity is so expensive, you would normally go to great lengths to reduce your electricity consumption.
· Instead of a desktop computer and a monitor we would use a laptop computer.
· We would use fluorescent lights instead of incandescent.
· We would use a small B&W TV instead of a large color set.
· We would get a small, extremely efficient refrigerator.
· By doing these things we might be able to reduce our average power consumption to 100 watts. This would cut
· the size of your solar panel and its cost by a factor of 6, and this might bring it into the realm of possibility.
Techniques To Increase Efficiency
Another strategy for increasing efficiency is to use two or more layers of different materials with different band gaps. Remember that depending on the substance, photons of varying energies are absorbed. So by stacking higher band gap material on the surface to absorb high-energy photons (while allowing lower-energy photons to be absorbed by the lower band gap material beneath), much higher efficiencies can result. Such cells, called multi-junction cells, can have more than one electric field.
Concentrating photovoltaic technology is another promising field of development. Instead of simply collecting and converting a portion of whatever sunlight just happens to shine down and be converted into electricity, concentrating PV systems use the addition of optical equipment like lenses and mirrors to focus greater amounts of solar energy onto highly efficient solar cells. Although these systems are generally pricier to manufacture, they have a number of advantages over conventional solar panel setups and encourage further research and development efforts.
All these different versions of solar cell technology have companies dreaming up applications and products that run the gamut, from solar powered planes and space-based power stations to more everyday items like PV-powered curtains, clothes and laptop cases. Not even the miniature world of nanoparticles is being left out, and researchers are even exploring the potential for organically produced solar cells.
The thing to remember, however, is that 100 watts per hour purchased from
the power grid would only cost about Rs. 10.8 (24 cents) a day right now, or Rs. 4095 ($91) a year.
That's why we don't see many solar houses unless they are in very remote locations. When it only costs about Rs. 4500 a year to purchase power from the grid, it is hard to justify spending Rs. 21, 60,000 a year on a solar
system.
